Diet and Nutrition – Resources for research in DGBI

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Publications relating to study design of diet, nutrition and/or DGBI studies

The following publications provide recommendations on best research practice in studies involving diet and/or DGBI.

Nutrients, foods and diets trial design	Reference (click links below for papers)
Clinical trial study design for dietary interventions in DGBI	Staudacher HM, Yao CK, Chey WD, Whelan K. Optimal Design of Clinical Trials of Dietary Interventions in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022; 117(6): 973-984.
Considerations for control groups, placebos and blinding in dietary intervention trials	Staudacher HM, Irving PM, Lomer MCE, Whelan K. The challenges of control groups, placebos and blinding in clinical trials of dietary interventions. Proc Nutr Soc. 2017; 76(3): 203-212.
Clinical trial study design for dietary interventions in DGBI	Yao CK, Gibson PR, Shepherd SJ. Design of clinical trials evaluating dietary interventions in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013; 108(5): 748-58.
Study design for feeding trials in nutrition research	Tien DS, Hockey M, So D, Stanford J, Clarke ED, Collins CE, Staudacher HM. Recommendations for Designing, Conducting, and Reporting Feeding Trials in Nutrition Research. Adv Nutr. 2024; 15(10): 100283.
Recommendations for designing, implementing and reporting control interventions	Hohenschurz-Scmidt et al. Recommendations for the development, implementation, and reporting of control interventions in efficacy and mechanistic trials of physical, psychological, and self-management therapies: the CoPPS Statement. BMJ. 2023; 381: e072108

Microbiome, probiotic and prebiotic trial design	Reference (click links below for papers)
Dietary components of relevance to diet-microbiota associations in gastrointestinal research	Duncanson K et al. Diet-microbiota associations in gastrointestinal research: a systematic review. Gut Microbes. 2024;16(1):2350785
Study design for prebiotic and probiotic trials in the context of diet and the gut microbiome	Whelan, K., Alexander, M., Gaiani, C. et al. Design and reporting of prebiotic and probiotic clinical trials in the context of diet and the gut microbiome. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9, 2785–2794.
Study design for microbiome research	Warmbrunn MV, Attaye I, Herrema H, Nieuwdorp M. Protocol Standardization of Microbiome Studies—Daunting but Necessary. Gastroenterology. 2022; 162(7): 1822-1824.
Study design for research investigating diet-microbiome interactions	Shanahan ER, McMaster JJ, Staudacher HM. Conducting research on diet-microbiome interactions: A review of current challenges, essential methodological principles, and recommendations for best practice in study design. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2021; 34(4): 631-644.
Study design for microbiome research with dietary interventions	Swann JR, et al. Considerations for the design and conduct of human gut microbiota intervention studies relating to foods. European Journal of Nutrition. 2020; 59:3347–3368.
Recommendations for probiotic research study design	zajewska H at al. Probiotic Human Study Design and Reporting (PRODARE): Recommendations to Improve Research Practice. Adv Nutr. 2026. DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100668

Measuring mechanisms and endpoints in diet and nutrition studies in DGBI	Reference (click links below for papers)
Study design and reporting for feeding trials measuring the dietary metabolome	Ferguson JJA, Clarke ED, Stanford J, et al. Strengthening the reporting of diet item details in feeding studies measuring the dietary metabolome: The DID-METAB core outcome set statement. Eur J Clin Invest. 2025; 55:e70030. Ferguson JJA, Clarke ED, Stanford J, et al, Perspective: Diet Item Details: Reporting Checklist for Feeding Studies Measuring the Dietary Metabolome (DID-METAB Checklist) – Explanation and Elaboration Report on the Development of the Checklist by the DID-METAB Delphi Working Group. Adv Nutr. 2025;16(5) doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100420.
Dietary assessment methods in epidemiologic studies	Shim, Jee-Seon, Kyungwon Oh, and Hyeon Chang Kim. Dietary assessment methods in epidemiologic studies. Epidemiology and health 36 (2014).
Methods for assessing and analysing FODMAP intake	Nybacka S, Störsrud S, Liljebo T, Le Nevé B, Törnblom H, Simrén M, & Winkvist A. Within-and between-subject variation in dietary intake of fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols among patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Current developments in nutrition, 2019. 3(2), nzy101.
Considerations for measuring gastrointestinal tract physiology in diet research	Biesiekierski JR, Yao C, Tuck C, Snelson M. Methodological advances in gastrointestinal tract physiology measurements: relevance to nutritional studies. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. Published online 2024:1-36.
Considerations for study design investigating dietary biomarkers	Cuparencu, C., Bulmuş-Tüccar, T., Stanstrup, J. et al. Towards nutrition with precision: unlocking biomarkers as dietary assessment tools. Nat Metab. 2024. 6, 1438–1453
Complementary methods for assessing dietary intake and intervention adherence	Superdock DK, Petrone BL, Kirtley MC, David LA.2025.From stool to sequence: decoding the human diet with FoodSeq. MSystems10:e00158-25.

Preclinical study considerations in diet and DGBI research	Reference (click links below for papers)
Considerations for nutritional profile of rodent diets in microbiome research	Tuck, C.J., De Palma, G., Takami, K. et al. Nutritional profile of rodent diets impacts experimental reproducibility in microbiome preclinical research. Sci Rep 10, 17784 (2020).
Sex dependent considerations for chow provision in mice studies	Sex-dependent effects of carbohydrate source and quantity on caspase-1 activity in the mouse central nervous system
Considerations for chow-dependent variability in dietary intake and microbiome	Standard rodent diets differentially impact alcohol consumption, preference, and gut microbiome diversity

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